KNOWINGLY
Consciously; willfully; subject to complete under-
standing of the facts or circumstances.
According to provisions contained in the
MODEL PENAL CODE, an individual is deemed to
have acted knowingly in regard to a material ele-
ment of an offense when: in the event that such
element involves the nature of his or her conduct
or the circumstances attendant thereto, he or she
is aware that the conduct is of such nature or that
those circumstances exist; if the element relates to
a result of the person’s conduct, he or she is con-
scious of the fact that it is substantially certain
that the conduct will precipitate such a result.
When the term knowingly is used in an
indictment, it signifies that the defendant knew
what he or she was going to do and, subject to
such knowledge, engaged in the act for which he
